Access Control Systems

HSM designs, installs, and maintains access control systems in a wide variety of commercial locations.

Access control systems keep your building secure.

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What is an Access Control System?

 

An access control system is a security mechanism that regulates who can enter or access specific areas within a building or property. It is designed to enhance security by managing and monitoring entry points, thereby restricting unauthorized access. Here’s a detailed description of an access control system:

Components of an Access Control System

  1. Access Control Devices
    • Keypads: Require a PIN code to gain access.
    • Card Readers: Use cards or badges with embedded chips or magnetic stripes.
    • Biometric Readers: Use unique biological traits like fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans.
    • Mobile Access: Utilize smartphones or other mobile devices with Bluetooth or NFC technology.
  2. Control Panels
    • The central processing units that receive input from access control devices and decide whether to grant or deny access based on predefined rules and credentials.
  3. Access Cards or Credentials
    • Physical or digital credentials that users present to access control devices.
    • Examples include keycards, fobs, or mobile credentials.
  4. Door Locks and Hardware
    • Electric Strikes: Replace traditional strikes in door frames to allow for remote locking and unlocking.
    • Magnetic Locks (Maglocks): Use magnetic force to secure doors and are released when the access control system grants entry.
  5. Software
    • Manages the entire access control system, including user credentials, access schedules, and logs of entry and exit events.
    • Provides an interface for administrators to add or remove users, configure system settings, and generate reports.
  6. Network Infrastructure
    • Connects all components of the access control system, often through wired or wireless networks.
    • Ensures communication between access points and control panels, and integrates with other security systems like surveillance cameras.

Functions of an Access Control System

  1. Authentication
    • Verifies the identity of individuals attempting to gain access.
    • Ensures that only authorized users can enter specific areas.
  2. Authorization
    • Determines what access rights an authenticated individual has.
    • Controls which doors or areas a user can access based on their credentials and predefined rules.
  3. Audit and Monitoring
    • Records all access events, including successful and failed attempts.
    • Provides real-time monitoring and alerts for unauthorized access or security breaches.
    • Generates detailed reports for security audits and investigations.
  4. Access Scheduling
    • Allows administrators to set specific times during which users can access certain areas.
    • Supports varying levels of access based on time of day, day of the week, or specific dates.
  5. Integration
    • Integrates with other security systems, such as CCTV, intrusion detection, and building management systems.
    • Provides a comprehensive security solution by combining multiple systems into a unified platform.

Types of Access Control Systems

  1. Standalone Systems
    • Ideal for small installations or single entry points.
    • Operate independently without requiring a network connection.
  2. Networked Systems
    • Suitable for larger installations with multiple access points.
    • Connected via a network, allowing centralized management and monitoring.
  3. Cloud-Based Systems
    • Offer remote access and management through cloud services.
    • Enable scalability and flexibility by allowing administrators to manage the system from anywhere with an internet connection.

Benefits of an Access Control System

  1. Enhanced Security
    • Prevents unauthorized access and reduces the risk of theft or vandalism.
    • Ensures that sensitive areas are only accessible to authorized personnel.
  2. Convenience
    • Eliminates the need for traditional keys, reducing the risk of lost or duplicated keys.
    • Provides quick and easy access for authorized users.
  3. Accountability
    • Tracks and records all access events, providing a detailed audit trail.
    • Helps in identifying and responding to security incidents.
  4. Flexibility
    • Easily adaptable to changing security needs and organizational requirements.
    • Allows for scalable solutions that can grow with the organization.
  5. Integration
    • Enhances overall security by integrating with other systems like surveillance and alarm systems.
    • Provides a unified approach to security management.

An access control system is a critical component of modern security strategies, providing robust protection for physical and digital assets while offering flexibility and convenience for authorized users.

 

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How do we Install an Access Control System?

 

Installing an access control system involves several key steps to ensure it functions correctly and meets security requirements. Here’s a step-by-step guide to the installation process:

1. Planning and Design

Assessment:

  • Evaluate the building’s layout and security needs.
  • Identify entry points, sensitive areas, and user access requirements.

System Design:

  • Design the access control system, including the types of access control devices (keypads, card readers, biometric readers), the control panels, and the software.
  • Ensure the design complies with security standards and regulations.

2. Procurement of Equipment

Select Components:

  • Choose appropriate access control devices, control panels, locks, and software based on the design.
  • Source the equipment from reputable suppliers to ensure quality and reliability.

3. Installation Preparation

Site Preparation:

  • Ensure all installation sites are accessible and ready for equipment installation.
  • Prepare any necessary infrastructure, such as electrical wiring and network cabling.

Equipment Preparation:

  • Unpack and inspect all components to ensure they are complete and undamaged.

4. Installation of Access Control Devices

Mounting Devices:

  • Install keypads, card readers, biometric readers, or mobile access devices at designated entry points.
  • Mount devices at appropriate heights and positions for optimal use.

Door Locks and Hardware:

  • Install electric strikes, magnetic locks, or other locking mechanisms on doors.
  • Ensure locks are properly aligned with the access control devices.

5. Wiring and Connectivity

Wiring:

  • Run cables from access control devices to the control panel.
  • Use conduits or cable trays to protect and conceal wiring.

Network Connections:

  • Connect access control devices and control panels to the network.
  • Ensure reliable and secure network connections for communication between devices.

6. Control Panel Installation

Mounting the Control Panel:

  • Install the control panel in a secure, central location.
  • Connect all access control devices and door locks to the control panel.

Power Supply:

  • Ensure the control panel and all devices have a reliable power supply.
  • Install backup power sources, such as batteries or uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), if necessary.

7. System Programming and Configuration

Software Installation:

  • Install and configure access control software on the designated computer or server.
  • Integrate the software with the control panel and access control devices.

User Configuration:

  • Create user profiles and assign access credentials (cards, PINs, biometric data) to authorized individuals.
  • Define access levels and schedules for different users.

Testing:

  • Test each access control device to ensure proper functionality.
  • Verify that all devices communicate correctly with the control panel and software.

8. System Testing and Commissioning

Full System Test:

  • Conduct a comprehensive test of the entire access control system.
  • Simulate different access scenarios to ensure all components work together seamlessly.

Adjustments:

  • Make any necessary adjustments based on test results.
  • Ensure all devices are accurately reporting to the control panel and triggering the appropriate actions.

Final Inspection:

  • Conduct a final inspection with a security expert or inspector.
  • Ensure the system meets all regulatory requirements and security standards.

9. Training and Documentation

User Training:

  • Provide training for users on how to use the access control system.
  • Demonstrate how to present credentials, use access devices, and respond to alarms.

Administrator Training:

  • Train system administrators on how to manage user profiles, configure settings, and generate reports.

Documentation:

  • Provide comprehensive documentation of the system, including user manuals, maintenance guidelines, and as-built drawings.

10. Maintenance and Monitoring

Regular Maintenance:

  • Schedule regular maintenance checks to ensure the system remains in optimal working condition.
  • Replace batteries, clean devices, and test the system periodically.

Monitoring:

  • If applicable, connect the access control system to a monitoring service for real-time oversight and rapid response to security incidents.

Summary

Installing an access control system involves careful planning, precise installation, and thorough testing to ensure it meets security needs and operates reliably.

 

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How much does an Access Control System Cost?

The cost of an access control system can vary widely based on several factors, including the size of the facility, the number of access points, the type of access control devices used, and the complexity of the system. Here’s a breakdown of the key cost components and some typical price ranges:

Cost Components

  1. System Design and Planning
    • Professional design services: $500 – $3,000, depending on the complexity and size of the system.
  2. Equipment
    • Control Panel: $500 – $2,000
    • Access Control Devices:
      • Keypads: $100 – $500 each
      • Card Readers: $150 – $600 each
      • Biometric Readers: $300 – $2,000 each
      • Mobile Access Devices: $200 – $600 each
    • Access Cards/Fobs: $5 – $15 each
    • Locks:
      • Electric Strikes: $100 – $500 each
      • Magnetic Locks: $200 – $600 each
    • Power Supplies and Backup Batteries: $50 – $300 each
    • Wiring and Cables: $200 – $1,000 for materials
  3. Installation
    • Labor Costs: $50 – $150 per hour, depending on local rates and the complexity of the installation
    • Total Installation Costs: $1,000 – $10,000+, depending on the number of access points and system complexity
  4. System Programming and Configuration
    • Programming and initial setup: $500 – $2,000
  5. Ongoing Costs
    • Maintenance: $300 – $1,000 per year
    • Software Licensing (if applicable): $100 – $1,000 per year
    • Monitoring Service (if applicable): $20 – $50 per month

Typical Total Costs

  • Small Business or Office (1-5 doors):
    • Total Cost: $2,000 – $5,000
  • Medium-Sized Business or Office (5-20 doors):
    • Total Cost: $5,000 – $15,000
  • Large Business or Enterprise (20-100 doors):
    • Total Cost: $15,000 – $50,000+
  • Very Large Facility (100+ doors, multiple buildings):
    • Total Cost: $50,000 – $100,000+

Example Calculation for a Medium-Sized Office (10 doors)

  • Design and Planning: $1,000
  • Control Panel: $1,000
  • Access Control Devices (10 card readers at $300 each): $3,000
  • Access Cards (100 cards at $10 each): $1,000
  • Locks (10 electric strikes at $300 each): $3,000
  • Power Supplies and Backup Batteries: $300
  • Wiring and Cables: $500
  • Labor (40 hours at $100/hour): $4,000
  • Programming and Configuration: $1,500

Total Cost: $15,300

Factors Affecting Cost

  • Number of Access Points: More doors and access points increase both equipment and installation costs.
  • Type of Access Control Devices: Biometric readers and advanced mobile access systems are more expensive than standard card readers or keypads.
  • Building Layout: Complex layouts and larger buildings may require more wiring and longer installation times.
  • Integration Requirements: Integrating the access control system with other security systems (e.g., surveillance cameras, alarm systems) can add to the cost.
  • Quality of Components: Higher-quality, more durable components tend to cost more but may offer better reliability and lower long-term maintenance costs.

Summary

The cost of an access control system can range from a few thousand dollars for a small installation to tens of thousands of dollars for larger, more complex systems. It’s important to carefully assess your security needs, budget, and the specific requirements of your facility to determine the most cost-effective solution.

 

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